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hi viewers, this is PUNEET BHAMBHANI from CHOITHRAM INTERNATIONAL,India. in this wiki I will tell you all about cloning and its types. Hope you will like it and if you want to be a member of this wiki just click join this wiki left side of this page and after that everyone is welcomed to edit page or create [|a page] = = = CLONING = we usually are excited about human cloning so let me tell you about it,
 * Cloning ** in biology is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.

=HUMAN CLONING = The term human cloning is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning or human clones in the form of twins are ordinary, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction. well this was the basic definition but if you go scientifically: Human cloning is a kind of production of genitically identical humans, their cells even tissues by the method of asexual reproduction. Usually t here are 3 types of human cloning:


 * Therapeutic cloning: it involves cloning cells from a grown up for use in medicine and also for the use of research,. Such reproductive cloning has not been performed and is illegal in many countries


 * Reproductive cloning: whereas this is directly cloning of cloning and making cloned humans or animals.

now let me show you some of the related videos:- [] [] [] = HISTORY = =In the History the possibility of cloning humans has been the subject of gossip or current affair for much of the twentieth century.Nobel Prize winning geneticist Joshua Lederberg advocated for cloning and genetic engineering in a seminal article in the //American Naturalist// in 1966 and again, the following year, in the //Washington Post//. He sparked a debate with conservative bioethicist Leon Kass, who wrote at the time that "the programmed reproduction of man will, in fact, dehumanize him." Another Nobel Laureate, James D. Waston, publicized the potential and the perils of cloning in his //Atlantic Monthly// essay, "Moving Toward the Clonal Man", in 1971. =
 * Replacement cloning is a academic possibility, and would be a combination of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Replacement cloning would entail the replacement of an ill, damaged or failing body through cloning followed by whole or partial brain transplant. This is not very common as this is not that successful.

Now let me aware you with the advantages and disadvantages of Cloning: Since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1996, cloning has become something of a buzzword, especially in scientific fields. Previously a staple of science fiction stories, it entered the minds of people leading to generate argument, with many of the objections coming by religious organizations. Moral implications aside however, there are however, advantages and disadvantages to the practice of cloning. So let me show you a few: for more details go to : [] here you will get the answers to all your questions which are occuring in your mind right now. Advantages of Cloning Even today, the full potential of stem cells has not been fully explored. The issue of stem cells has led to controversy because embryos are generally used and they have to be destroyed for the cells to be used. However, a number of scientist believe that stem cells will or actually can change the face of medicine as only few know it. Given the fact that the cells can be operated to copy other types of cells, this can provide new ways to treat diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s. Cloning also offers hope to persons needing organ transplants. People requiring organ transplants to survive an illness often wait years for a suitable donor. In many cases these patients die waiting, as there are long lists of people requiring organs and with it scarce donors. Theoretically, cloning could eliminate this by producing more animals that can act as suitable donors. Pig livers have been successfully transplanted to human beings, as an interim measure until a human liver is found. Additionally, cloning of these animals not put a burden on the world’s food supply. Cloning offers couples dealing with fertility the chance to have a child of their own. As there are some people who are unable to reproduce but desire to have a child. In fact, although some states have already banned human cloning because of ethical issues, more couples struggling to have children are starting to consider the possibilities that cloning offer. Cloning is being touted as a future answer to reverse the effects of aging.The antiaging market is a prime target becuase it is alreay a multibillion industry. Despite the best efforts of conservationists worldwide, some species are nearing extinction. The successful cloning of Dolly represents the first step in protecting endangered wildlife. This is a process to save the World. Cloning could provide a means of cultivating plants that are stronger and more resistant to diseases, while producing more. The same could happen to livestock as well where diseases such as foot and mouth disease could be completely removed. Cloning could therefore effectively solve the World’s global problem which is malnutrition. 
 * 1. Potential benefits to modern medicine **
 * 2. Helping infertile couples **
 * 3. Reverse the aging process**
 * 4 ****. Endangered species can be saved**
 * 5. Improving food supply **

Disadvantages of Cloning
While the cloning of Dolly was seen as a success story, many embryos were destroyed before the desired result was achieved. The process started with 277 eggs, and Dolly was the single successful outcome. Regardless of success in other areas, the field of cloning still has a long way to go. Infertile couples for example, could go through the same heartache as they would if in vitro fertilization failed. Cloning creates a copy of the original. A human clone would therefore inherit the genetic behavior of its predecessor. This includes genetic abnormalities and diseases. Dolly the sheep for example exhibited signs of what some suggested were early aging, although this was firmly denied by her ‘developers’. If human cloning became a reality what checks and balances would be put in place to prevent abuse? Would scientists go overboard with the technology? If a couple has a clone that they are not happy with, what would they do next? These are all questions that must be raised in any discussion on cloning. Some have expressed the view that clones could be grown in a farm-like fashion simply for harvesting organs or stem cells. The potential for devaluing human life cannot be ignored. Cloning, like so many other issues that have faced modern science, must be carefully evaluated. There will always be detractors, those who feel that anyone involved in cloning is playing God. And this may not be too far from the truth. However, any discussion on cloning must be looked at in the context of its inherent value to mankind. Pros and cons are everywhere as a coin always has 2 sides.
 * 1. The Element of Uncertainty **
 * 2. Inheriting diseases **
 * 3. The Potential for Abuse **

=Creators views =

According to me cloning is a great process to solve he greatest and global problems of this World and cloning is a great boon. so lets treat it as a boon and we all should not oppose it.